The purpose of this study is to help provide insights into this area of translation studies by studying the way scientific texts are adapted to popular texts. Jakobson argued for a broad, inclusive definition of translation as a phenomenon fundamental to all language transactions. The problem of translation is to retreat to a simpler tenor of one's own style and creatively adjust this to one's author." RIS Examples and Observations Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and. ), these examples demonstrate how language does not just explain but helps generate meanings and bring new energy to familiar entities. It has been used and practiced in the construction of Chinese Baihua (modern vernacular) and promoted Chinas new literary movement in the early 20th century. The illusion of transparency is an effect of fluent discourse, of the translator's effort to ensure easy readability by adhering to current usage, maintaining continuous syntax, fixing a precise meaning. Furthermore, that word exists within a multidimensional matrix that defines the four salient (for the Tofa people) parameters of reindeer: age, sex, fertility, and rideability. One notable example was the case of I. Th. do not worry Ms Jones, a stapedectomy is a minor procedure of the middle ear performed in order to improve hearing). We offer a diverse selection of courses from leading universities and cultural institutions from around the world. Bibelen (1948): (The 1948 Danish authorised version of the Bible.) And in which ways do they differ from or resemble translation proper? Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. Modernity confirms the promise of scientific reason to unmask irrational forces and point to the way to necessary social change. (Alan Swingewood,Citation1998:140) Besides other functions, intralingual translation was used for constructing a nations vernacular. It differs from general transliteration in various aspects. The word "translation" can be defined as: An individual or a computer program that renders a text into another language is called a translator. The discipline concerned with issues related to the production of translations is called translation studies. In practice, we see many kinds of intralingual translation; numerous varieties of expert-to-layman communication, easy-readers for children, subtitling for the deaf, summaries, some kinds of news reporting, new translations of classics, etc. Gutt (1991/2000: 394-396) mentions the fact that not all translation scholars would feel comfortable with a broader definition which would allow summaries and elaborated versions, per example, to qualify as translation. It is largely used in film, theatre and the visual arts but also in image design and advertising. What is so remarkable here is that this illusory effect conceals the numerous conditions under which the translation is made . Or the translation is not in writing, but takes place automatically while we read and process the old text as Steiner (1975: 28) argues.[13]. For explanatory purposes, Jakobsons definition sets the two kinds of translation apart (though both are defined as examples of a translational activity). The above constitutes a description of translation which, though not as broad as Steiners all-embracing hermeneutic approach, still sees the phenomenon of translation as much more fundamental to human communication than more traditional translation studies definitions. some kind of relevant similarity exists between the source and the target texts. seem to be much more radical than what is seen in the majority of interlingual translations. Ny Testamente p hverdagsdansk (1985/2002): (The New Testament in everyday Danish.) expert-to-lay translation & interpreting) intralingual translation as adaptation of classics for children Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpreta-tion of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. The Economist, Nov. 23, 2010). For example, any modern rendition of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales had to be translated from Middle English (provided it is not a translation of a translation). Sharing the same function as interlingual translation, its performances can be ideological and historical. Within polysystem theory and the realms of literary translation (Even-Zohar 1990) we do find some work on intralingual or intersemiotic translation (Weissbrod 1998, 2004; Shavit 1986). Questions abound I hope the future will see some answers. If we know more about differences as well as similarities, the insights provided by both fields would be more useful. Many translation scholars rely on Jakobsons three kinds of translation for their definitions of what constitutes translation, but de facto they mostly focus exclusively on Jakobsons concept of interlingual translation. My initial research into the nature of intralingual translation (see Zethsen 2008) made me aware of the fact that since the time of Jakobsons definition, general definitions of translation have become less inclusive. Intralingual translation shares with translation proper the idea of changing form but maintaining meaning and the need to adjust to different audiences and expectations. I *play the internet. Intralingual translation or rewriting, according to Roman Jakobson, is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same languages. xii Book Endorsement Basics of Translation, by Dr Mahmoud Altarabin, a promising writer on translation, is a well-organized textbook in terms of the translation Three levels of translation: intralingual. Even though the empirical study of intralingual translation is meagre, no one can deny that intralingual translation is a widespread phenomenon and that it is easy to find many very different instances of this kind of translation (within expert-layman communication, for instance, they abound). What is Intersemiotic Translation? . Intralingual translation Qubecois - French SL = TL Malay - Indonesian SW = TW Scriptural translation Transliteration Transcription . Practically all information has been transferred, but the order of the information has been changed in quite a few instances and pictures have been added. turdstool (West Country for a very substantial cowpat). Lao Zi,() or The Book of Changes(), have their intralingual translations far before their contemporary interlingual translations. We have seen that descriptions of translation claim that meaning can be carried across between languages, however dressed up or repackaged it is, and we have begun to question the assumption that meaning remains unchanged during this process. The second function is the case of adaptation. Meta, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, p.795812, Tous droits rservs Les Presses de lUniversit de Montral, 2009. However, nothing in the description should be considered necessary or sufficient to define translation. In the latter case, the aim of the intralingual translation is no longer merely comprehension of the factual content of the text there is also an element of expressivity/persuasion. At one of the rare occasions when intralingual translation is commented on in translation literature, Steiner (1975: 260-61) pointed out that the two kinds of translation raise issues of the same order and are, at crucial points, similar. Then follows the sentence: Kejseren ville taelle folk i de byer, de var fdt i. In other words, the differences in microstrategies are more a question of degree than of kind. Now Maria loved a man called Joseph. Based on her intralingual translation Eileen Chang later translated this book into English which was unearthed among her papers at the University of Southern California, where she moved to from Shanghai since 1956. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Vi erkender derfor vort ansvar i den redaktionelle bearbejdning af grundteksten Oversaettelsen er sledes en fri oversaettelse, ikke en ord-for-ord oversaettelse, ej heller en parafrase.. In spite of the highly influential texts of Jakobson and Steiner and in spite of their claim of close affinity between interlingual and intralingual translation, translation studies often excludes intralingual translation either deliberately or de facto. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which, for its peculiar pronunciation and expressions, was only easily understood by its local neighborhood. Bibelen (1992): (The 1992 Danish authorised version of the Bible.) Meaning of intralingual. Here the source text can be described in words and then translated into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. Where does translation stop and something else take over, e.g. As already pointed out, all strategies found in the intralingual versions are well-known within interlingual translation, but not necessarily with the aim of simplification and not to the extent seen in intralingual translation. To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? This suggests that generally the difference in strategies between intralingual and interlingual translation is a question of degree and motivation rather than kind. Chesterman (2018, this issue) notes that 'whether we lump interlingual and intralingual translation together into a single category, or propose a split into two categories, depends entirely on the purpose (s) we envisage for such a categorization'. To Steiner, translation proper is seen as a heightened case of the process of communication and reception, but he also claims that the linguistic problems implicit in interlingual translation are already implicit in all intralingual discourse (Steiner 1975: 260-261, 414) a view reflected by Even-Zohar in 1990 when discussing the mechanism of transfer (see also Weissbrod 2004: 24; Shuttleworth 1997: 88). The next sections present a closer look at each of the parameters. These factors are: These four factors are not listed according to importance, as that depends on the kind of intralingual translation. In Denmark, and presumably in many other countries, there is an ever-increasing demand that expert knowledge be made accessible to the general public. Many of the strategies used to create the different Bible versions are common within translation proper as well this applies to strategies such as omission, objective addition, explicitation, restructuring and paraphrase. lingual translation. In China The San Tzu Ching () is an elementary guide to knowledge for children. According to Weissbrod (2004: 24), reflecting the views of Even-Zohar, researchers should deal with all these examples of transfer within one theoretical framework as the mechanism of transfer is largely the same in all instances. This chapter describes the broad phenomenon of intralingual translation, better known by such terms as reformulation, rewording, or paraphrasing. I have chosen to analyse and compare four different Danish versions of five verses from Luke chapter 2 with the Danish authorised 1948 version and this is how they read in the King James version (a 1986 edition[6]): And all went to be taxed, every one into his own city. The parameter of space refers to instances where the text is either reduced or extended, i.e., the physical space of the text is changed. no longer tolerate incomprehensible expert texts. How to Use Pull Quotes to Add Visual Flare to Articles, How to Use Google Translate to Teach English, Body Language in the Communication Process, What Is Parsing? This definition is quite clear, but unlike the case of translation proper where numerous efforts are made to further define and exemplify what constitutes translation proper in the real world, it is not possible to find more than stray sentences as regards intralingual translation. The analyses suggest that intralingual translation is generally motivated by one or more of the key parameters; knowledge, time, culture, and space. A closer look reveals that the extended number of words comes from a large number of factual explanations and the addition of factual information to enhance childrens understanding of the text. En thorie, la traductologie nexclut pas la traduction intralinguale, mais, dans les faits, les tudes empiriques ou les essais sur ce thme sont peu courantes. https://www.thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560 (accessed March 4, 2023). Tymoczko (1998, 2005) is not particularly concerned with intralingual translation, but her arguments for a broad perception of translation are very relevant. Build your knowledge with top universities and organisations. See also Shavit (1986) on the translation/transfer of childrens literature. The numbers refer to the verse numbers. In the English-speaking world the authoritative version is the King James Bible from 1611 (basically unrevised from that date if spelling and punctuation is discounted, see Nicolson 2003/2004) and in Denmark the first authorised version of the New Testament translated from Greek came in 1907 though the most influential work in Danish Bible translation is the resen-svanningske translation from 1647 on which the authorised version is based (Jeppesen 1990: 18) (the 1907 authorised version has since been revised in 1948[4] and 1992[5]). Examples Intralingual translation occurs when we produce a summary or otherwise rewrite a text in same language, say a children's version of an encyclopedia. Og fordi Josef var af Davids hus og slaegt, drog ogs han op fra op fra Galilaea, fra byen Nazaret, til Judaea, til Davids by, som hedder Betlehem. If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. [] and Joseph made a bed for the child in the manger. A transfer has taken place and the target text has been derived from the source text (resulting in a new product in another language, genre or medium), i.e. We believe learning should be an enjoyable, social experience, so our courses offer the opportunity to discuss what youre learning with others as you go, helping you make fresh discoveries and form new ideas. This is evident, for instance, when looking at the everyday Danish version and the childrens versions and is presumably the driving force in the majority of intralingual translations. Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. Literary Translation (see for example Kindlepreneur.) "Translation: Definition and Examples." Register for a FutureLearn account to get personalised course recommendations and offers straight to your inbox. Not surprisingly, the Danish authorised version from 1992 resembles the authorised version from 1948. Early in this small childrens version we are also told that Joseph and Maria tried to find somewhere to stay, but that there was not room in any of the houses (Josef og Maria forsgte at finde et sted, hvor de kunne vaere, men der var ikke plads i et eneste af husene), though the 1948 version does not give this information until the last sentence where we are told that Maria laid her son in a manger because there was no room for them in the inn.. Examples An example of Interlingual Translation would be the Bible. intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; For the sake of comparison, a general description of intralingual translation and its characteristics on the basis of five different Danish versions of a section of the Bible and an analysis of the microstrategies employed in each version are proposed. 11. 15 slides Approaches of translation Montasser Mahmoud 38.9k views 21 slides Foreignization & domestication abdelbaar 17.2k views 26 slides Types of translation Rita Vazquez Rojas 12.4k views 10 slides Pedagogical stylistics Belachew Weldegebriel 3.8k views 9 slides More Related Content Slideshows for you (20) Methods Of Translation Tourys definition is likely to exclude many intralingual (or intersemiotic) translations, not because of his three postulates, which themselves rely on open concepts, namely source text, transfer and intertextual relationship, but because of two necessary conditions; to constitute a translation a transfer process must have taken place between two languages/cultures and most importantly the resulting product must be assumed to be a translation by people in general. The translation may be purely intralingual and solely rely on a former version in the same language or the source text may consist of both a former version and the original text (as is the case with the 1948 and 1992 authorised versions, for instance), thus involving intralingual as well as interlingual translation[12]. However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation . Holmes (1972/2000) encourages us to describe, explain and predict, but to my knowledge the literature does not offer a systematic empirically-based account of intralingual translation, so this is what will be attempted in the following. Accessibility Statement. It can be seen that instead of the word "play", English has specific words . Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde. This is how the text starts, but the information about Joseph and Maria being engaged is traditionally not given until later in the text. Translation (whether interlingual, intralingual or intersemiotic) is seen as part of the semiotic concept of transfer and special focus is on transfer from one culture to another. A legendary story in dialects has finally been developed into the legendary world of intralingual, interlingual and inter-semiotic translations. Almost all of the text has been paraphrased and as could be expected lexis and syntax have been simplified in the process. FutureLearn uses cookies to enhance your experience of the website. This is especially true when a nation is weak and backward. At the EST 2004 conference in Lisbon (proceedings forthcoming), Denton dealt with intercultural translation in his paper Waterlogged Somewhere in Mid-Atlantic: Why American Readers Need Intralingual Translation but Dont Often Get It. Rollason (2006: 5) refers to Denton who showed that even an English original can encounter communication barriers when crossing the Atlantic and exemplified with: Sue Townsends novel of 1982 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 3/4, a cult best-seller in Britain but far less successful in the US, where its very British cultural codes and slang terms have impeded readers enjoyment, to the point where Denton even suggests the case points up the need for intralingual translation. (*surf) There is no *day on this mail. technical writing, or desktop publishing? and whether this means that we would have to redefine the very notion of translation. Highly functional translations (which meet skopoi which differ greatly from those of the source texts), localisation, prcis-writing, expert-to-layman communication, etc. Viborg: Det Danske Bibelselskab. Intersemiotic translation - translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example, music or image. That is, strategies applied within interlingual translation today in accordance with the skopos of the translation brief (e.g., a certain amount of restructuring or reduction) may 20 years ago have been considered unacceptable and beyond the tools available to translation proper. Karen When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. [] and Joseph was happy that they could get inside where it was warm []. (PDF) INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC. As argued above, these activities share family resemblances with translation proper, but is it possible to get closer to a more detailed account of their general characteristics?
