Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . Figure 8. 2. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. 0000006011 00000 n This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. 107 0 obj <>stream Upload a document. To complete the activity, some prior . Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. Section A - Operator Information 1. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Using this resource students find the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves using a seismogram. MS-ESS3-2. S waves. 0000055643 00000 n 0000001862 00000 n P wave. Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. Figure 1 is a simplified example of a Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. HS-PS4-1. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. 3000 miles. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. H\0y Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. 0000004060 00000 n Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. 0000001893 00000 n The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. (i. How are S and P waves used to determine how far away epicenters are? Copyright 2023. Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 The travel-time graph Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. Sign, fax and printable from PC, iPad, tablet or mobile with pdfFiller Note-taking Worksheet. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Reading Strategy. Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. 5 4. Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . Using online resources and simulations available through the Earthquakes Living Lab, students explore the consequences of subsurface ground type and building height on seismic d Seismographs are measuring devices designed by engineers and used by researchers to determine the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes. The answer is the San Andreas Fault. How does the lag time change as you get farther and Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Share with Classes. Do you agree with this alignment? Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. Last modified July 18, 2012. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. Then do the same for the S-wave. Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? 0000030968 00000 n 9 - Many updates and improvements! Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video - shake, shake, shake. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. earthquakes. Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves . Download. Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key (PDF) - skislah.edu Web12-earthquake-location-lab-answer-key 1/1 Downloaded from skislah.edu.my on February 15, 2023 by guest 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key Right here, we have countless ebook 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key and collections to check out. Add to Library. epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. different types of seismic waves. aqmd. In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. (Grades (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. As you may know, people have look numerous times for . 0000001533 00000 n Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Practice with Triangulation: Locating an earthquake epicenter. 0000002009 00000 n Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. Seismic Waves. What data is used to determine magnitude? The instrument detects and documents the intensity, direction and duration of ground vibrations, which are used to determine the epicenters and strength/magnitudes of earthquakes or other seismic events. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). Fill Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Edit online. 0000004511 00000 n If less precision is desired, precede M with a tilde, such as "M ~7" or "magnitude ~6.8.". between arrival of P and S waves is called Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . epicenter, the longer the lag time measured Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. Millions of people witnessed the motion of the earthquake on television. I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. 0000030240 00000 n 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. located 1,000 miles from the Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. 0000001978 00000 n What is an earthquake? Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Contact the teacher to find out the length of the class period, as well as how many copies of handouts and sets of materials you need to bring. A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. 0000003966 00000 n Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? 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Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . 0000053998 00000 n Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. The longer the time is between the P-and S-wave . Thanks for your feedback! For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. 0000005149 00000 n Great-circle arcs are drawn on the globe using the distance of the earthquake to the station as a radius. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. 0000002383 00000 n farther from the epicenter of an earthquake? It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. (Grades 6 - 8). 0 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? Question 5 of 22 4.55/ 4.55 Points Questions 5 through 11 are based on Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake. Therefore, the lag Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. and S waves to travel any distance up to DocHub v5.1.1 Released! Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Examining Seismograms The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are Pwaves, Swaves, and Surface waves. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. !5(~q* Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. 6. The point where your ruler crosses the middle line on the chart marks the magnitude (strength) of the earthquake. X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? 0000004457 00000 n Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. endstream endobj startxref Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time 1. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Figure 13.10). Seismograms The vertical lines, spaced one E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. It takes S waves 14. Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream S-P interval: The time interval between the arrivals of P and S waves. Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. minute apart, represent the passage of time to the lag time measured at this location? If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. (Grades 9 - 12). Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. Quick Tips. Focus. n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answer Key buysms de. Direct students to finish the activity by completing the. EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. 0000004224 00000 n How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. The seismometers are shown as green dots. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. The lag time for any xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` lag time. at that station. d>(ZvO= Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. PDF. 0000030504 00000 n waves from a distant earthquake. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude.
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