Also, I needed it to handle redirects, so that a redirect to an article was considered the same article as the article itself. Also known as the 6 Handshakes rule. GitHub is home to over 50 million developers working together to host and review code, manage projects, and build software together. :) Dick Cheney → George W. Bush → Osama bin Laden → Sunflower, Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli to Classical theory, Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias to Saurodactylus, Cyber Team in Akihabara to Mount Carmel Cemetery, Sweet Polly Oliver to Committee of Public Safety, Julius Caesar to Rafael Cordero (educator), Shoichi Nakagawa to Tallest buildings in Australia, Molson Coors to Chemical elements named after places, Clarkefreak ∞ 03:39, 18 August 2005 (UTC), Visualization (cam) to Defeated nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court. It also contains a pile of useless information, for example I didn't care about the content of the articles, only which other articles they linked to. And so on. Kevin Bacon has a Kevin Bacon number of 0, actors who were in a movie with Kevin Bacon get a Kevin Bacon number of 1, actors who were in a movie with someone who has a Kevin Bacon number 1 get a 2, and so on (Everybody always gets the smallest number possible, so if you were in a film with two people, one with a 4 and one with a 6, your Kevin Bacon number would be 5). It took the output of wikiparse1 and built a giant hashtable of article titles. These scripts went through many, many revisions as I figured out the various complexities of MediaWiki markup. Learn more. This was the job of wikiparse2. Bowling for Dollars → Essex County, Ontario, Bowling for Dollars → WJW → Essex County, Ontario, Foreign relations of Cameroon → Baktykozha Izmukhambetov So, I always used whatever tool seemed most suited to the current task, which stopped being Perl after the hairy parsing, text manipulation and Unicode handling was done. This was an incredibly space-efficient way of storing the data, and got the full link database for Wikipedia down to about 160MB. Six Degrees of Wikipedia. No-one would claim that two things happening in 352 BC doesn't constitute a real connection between those topics. The code used XML::Parser::Expat. So, I needed to parse this blob of XML into a more efficient format. (If this approach still allows many uninteresting connections, it might be worth restricting it in further ways, such as disallowing articles on years or decades completely, or any other type of article that might be considered "too general". Instead of taking "in the same film" as the relation, you can take "is linked to by". Following it are Billie Jean King and United States (in that order, strangely) with averages of 3.68 and 3.69 clicks respectively. The first one, wikiparse1, listed article titles and redirects on standard out, each line consisting of either "article name" or "article name, tab, redirect target". If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. A lot of people were asking that this ignore "boring" articles, like years and dates and so on. United Kingdom You signed in with another tab or window. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. There is a computer lab in the CS department of Trinity, half of which is full of shiny new Core 2 Duos running Linux (Debian). I initially tried using Berkeley DB for this, but it was too slow. You can query the Wikipedia dataset to find the shortest route between two articles. If you follow the best route in all cases, it takes an average of 4.573 clicks to get from any Wikipedia article to any other. I needed the title of each article, and the list of links from that article to any other. Where is the link to Star Trek on Natural Environment? Since the graph is so sparse, they're mostly interchangeable. For the graph-theory nerds, there is no other disjoint strongly connected component of more than about 3 articles. Learn more. Learn more, We use analytics cookies to understand how you use our websites so we can make them better, e.g. We use optional third-party analytics cookies to understand how you use GitHub.com so we can build better products. ad nauseum to Coyville, Kansas in six steps: List of names of the official languages of the European Union in the official languages respectively to GoldenEye (song), HMAS Brisbane (D 41) → Medical University of Lublin. Find the shortest hyperlinked paths between any two pages on Wikipedia. There is a Parse::MediaWikiDump module, but it was far too slow. Wikipedia has 2301486 articles with 55550003 links between them (at least in my dataset, those numbers have definitely changed by now). Anyway, I'm studying in Trinity College Dublin, who have a gigantic broadband link, so downloading 3.5GB wasn't a problem. Then I discovered that there is an optional colon: #REDIRECT:[[Article]], which is used on a couple of thousand of the millions of pages on wikipedia. Six degrees of separation is the idea that all people are six, or fewer, social connections away from each other. Movie buffs challenge each other to find the shortest path between an arbitrary actor and prolific actor Kevin Bacon. If it had been running at peak throughput all the time, it would have finished in abou 36 hours, but since I only added the lab's machines after a few days it took about 6 days in all for the graph analysis to complete. Players are also awarded badges when reaching certain point-total milestones. The largest "strongly-connected-component" of wikipedia has 2111480 articles. There were 2301486 nodes (articles) and 55550003 edges (links). So, it is guaranteed to find the shortest path to each node first. We'll call the "Kevin Bacon number" from one article to another the "distance" between them. Luckily, I didn't have to write my own since Dan J. Bernstein had already written cdb, and Tim Goodwin had written CDB_File, a Perl module to build and use them. By the way, it takes an average of 3.98 clicks to get from Kevin Bacon to anywhere else. Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton → 4774 Hobetsu. Stephen Dolan (m u @n e t soc.tc d.ie) the question. Confirmed to still work as of August 7th, 2018. Mulatto now links to MooLatte. The format was: number of articles, number of links, list number of links in each article, list of links. The list of links was the ID number of the article that each link led to, sorted in order of the ID number of the article that each came from, and the list of number of links was an integer offset into the links list that said where the block of links for this article began. no cloaca page links to robin williams, Oregon Coast Aquarium to European Coal and Steel Community, This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 20:40. details on how to get everything set up in your local environment. Visit Six DegreesOfWikipedia.com! The rest are mostly pages that no-one has linked to or disambiguation pages. Each time a user solves a puzzle they are awarded points based on the average amount of clicks it has taken. Antarctica → Snow Patrol does not have any paths less than 10. There are other metrics, like requiring a certain minimum text-to-link ratio for the pages, but this eventually runs in to similar problems (no matter where the cut-off is, there are good articles that are ignored and boring articles that make the cut). It's a very parallelisable task since you can just send the entire graph to each machine and get them to compute the centralities of different sets of nodes, then send their answers back to a central server which can compute the answers. wikiparse1 was run as: pv is a wonderful tiny tool that copies a file to standard output, drawing a progress bar on standard error and giving an estimated time-to-completion. The problem with this is that it's too narrow. Warning: this is a large file (~37MB), UTF-8, and gzipped (Windows users try 7-Zip if you can't open gzip files). Ever heard of the game Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon? Rules: (1) The destination is Kevin Bacon, in precisely six links; the more obscure, the better. The arrival center is more easily biased by lots of links to particular articles, and gets thrown off by automated bots which create stub articles within a topic that link to the main page about that topic. Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence is the sixth full-length studio album by progressive metal band Dream Theater, released as a double-disc album on January 29, 2002 through Elektra Records.Excluding the A Change of Seasons EP, it is the first Dream Theater album to feature a title track.It is also their second longest studio album to date, after The Astonishing. Another question that came up was why I chose the "departure center" (the article from which it's easiest to get anywhere else), rather than the "arrival center" (the article that it's easiest to get to). Finally, wikiparse3 loaded the output from that script and went through the XML dump again, this time outputting lines of the form "ID, space, ID" whenever it found a link from one article to another. If you skip past all of the articles that are just lists, years or days of the year, the "real article" closest to the centre is: The same idea could apply to the articles Wikipedia. Only takes 3 or 5, depending on direction. If nothing happens, download the GitHub extension for Visual Studio and try again. A naive way of finding this would be to find the shortest distance between all pairs of articles. There was originally a single gigantic Perl script to do this, but the server I was running it on enforced a 2-hour CPU ulimit so the script got killed. If the route doesn't seem to work, click "history" and go back to around that date as the links may have been since deleted. For now, though, we will not worry about these.). For everyone else, the remaining 190006 articles are pretty boring, linkwise. I'm starting off with: contains material that is kept because it is considered humorous, Lepidoptera_in_the_10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae, Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series, Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Quasi-National Park, Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia), List of Superleague Formula drivers and teams, Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn, Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market, degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), Functional Requirements for Authority Records, International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 111th Street (New York City Subway station), Recording Industry Association of America, Directorate-General for Transport and Energy (European Commission), List of ambassadors to the United Nations, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 series), President of the United States (disambiguation), The Presidents of the United States of America (band), Development of the urinary and reproductive organs, United States federal executive departments, United States Department of the Air Force, The Doomsday Machine (Star Trek: The Original Series), Tallest structures of different countries, Category:Tourist attractions in Hampshire, Defeated nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court, List of names of the official languages of the European Union in the official languages respectively, Neon Genesis Evangelion (live-action movie), Piano Sonata in E-flat major, D. 568 (Schubert), List of Victoria Cross recipients by name - C, Outstanding Sports Personality, Play-by-Play, Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton, University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Six_degrees_of_Wikipedia&oldid=982708081, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The most intuitively remote items separated by, Chains between two articles selected at random (using. Since the graph is directed, the distance from A to B might be different from the distance from B to A (i.e. they're used to gather information about the pages you visit and how many clicks you need to accomplish a task. download the GitHub extension for Visual Studio, Updated to September 2020 Wikipedia database dump, Added access log and capture debug output in Gunicorn, Added Apple touch icon and 192 x 192 px favicon, Move searches table into its own SQLite database, Clean up Python file and update code for new tables, Insights On Hitler And More From The First 500,000 If you haven't, it works like this: Every actor gets a Kevin Bacon number. I wrote a simple server in Python, which handed out work units to clients that connected and collected their results afterwards. 150GB of XML (after it's uncompressed) is far too much data to run any sort of analysis over. I wanted to find the centre of wikipedia, that is, the article that is closest to all other articles (has minimum closeness). O(n2) is a big improvement over the naive algorithm, but it's still going to take a long time. It turns out that REDIRECT can be upper or lowercase or mixed, and any amount of whitespace can be put after the T and before the [, or between the [[ and the title, or after the title and before the ]]. The breadth-first-search algorithm can be used to find the shortest distance between two nodes as follows: This iterates over every node, marking them as reached when it finds them. Wikipedia Maze[dead link] awards points and badges for both creating and solving puzzles. (2) No, but no, film- or acting-related links are allowed. There is a popular hypothesis, known as six degrees of separation, holding that any two people are separated by a chain of no more than six acquaintances.Studying the characters of Wikipedia to see whether something similar obtains among its articles, Six Degrees of Wikipedia aims to be a compendium of the following things: . Six degrees of separation, the theory that anyone on earth can be connected to any other person on the planet through a chain of acquaintances that has no more than five intermediaries; Six degrees of freedom, motion in three-dimensional space, with three translation motions (up/down, left/right, forward/back) and three rotation motions (yaw, pitch, roll) Learn more. en: de: es: fr: hi: it: ja: nl: pl: pt: ru: sv: zh: simple: Degrees of Wikipedia is a multi-lingual tool for finding the distance between articles on a live copy of wikipedia. Studying the characters of Wikipedia to see whether something similar obtains among its articles, Six Degrees of Wikipedia aims to be a compendium of the following things: We will accept only links between actual articles, not "Talk" pages. This is far less interesting that I was hoping. Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon or "Bacon's Law" is a parlor game based on the "six degrees of separation" concept, which posits that any two people on Earth are six or fewer acquaintance links apart. The program to generate this database was written in C++. So, I borrowed a few spare CPU cycles and left it running on both cores of most of those machines for a few days. Six Degrees of Wikipedia is a website which traverses hyperlinks on Wikipedia to find the least number of clicks it takes to navigate between any of the nearly six million pages on the world's largest free online encyclopedia.. Table of Contents. Finding the shortest distance between two articles by breadth-first search takes O(n) time, and there are O(n2) pairs of articles, so this algorithm be of order O(n3), which is far too slow when you have millions of articles to get through. Contributions to the project are welcome! Next, articles were assigned index numbers. As a result, a chain of "a friend of a friend" statements can be made to connect any two people in a maximum of six steps.It was originally set out by Frigyes Karinthy in 1929 and popularized in an eponymous 1990 play written by John Guare. It went through this list, assigning ID numbers starting from 0 to each article, ensuring that all the redirects to an article got the same ID number as the article itself. No longer necessary. The Wiki Game Is a Real-time and multi-player version, and contains different game type challenges that include random start and end goals. It was split up into 3 smaller scripts. I initally used the definition "years are boring, dates are boring, articles that start with "List of" and have more than 500 links are boring". dirty lies. So, if I run this algorithm for each node in the graph, I'll get back the closeness of each one and can just pick the minimum. at an average of 3.67 clicks to anywhere else. The reason for this is that the "departure center" depends on the content of individual articles, and the profusion of links within them. If you haven't, it works like this: Every actor gets a Kevin Bacon number. That being said, if this page brings to your attention a "missing link" that really should be in an article, feel free to correct it (and make the corresponding change to this page, as well). The code I ended up with to parse and sanitize a redirect was: For the rest of the project, I needed to be able to do fast lookups from ID to name or from name to ID. Even when I special-cased out that string of 70 boring articles, a new one appeared (I think it was linked pages about administrations of Myanmar or something). For more information, see our Privacy Statement. This was in fact the original goal of the project but it turned out not to be very interesting. Tampering with articles for the sole reason of changing their degrees of separation is discouraged for the purposes of this project; we aim to clarify how Wikipedia is as it evolves, not to set forth that it should be more or less so. The aim is to find the "center" article, that is, the article with the minimum average distance to any other article (this is the measure of closeness centrality). In the complexities below, I just use "n" to denote either number of nodes or number of edges. There are other boring list-like articles, such as "Deaths in 2004". Foreign relations of Cameroon > United Nations > United Nations member states > Kazakhstan > Nursultan Nazarbayev > Baktykozha Izmukhambetov SalaSkan 01:48, 3 June 2007 (UTC), William Elfving → Emergency (Philippine TV program), Piano Sonata in E-flat major, D. 568 (Schubert) to William Coffey. However, I knew my data didn't change, so there were better-performing solutions like a trie rather than a hashtable. Counterfeit banknote detection pen → Juryszewo. It's then possible to work out the "closeness" of an article in Wikipedia as its average distance to any other article. We use essential cookies to perform essential website functions, e.g. Its output was a file of "ID, space, article title", with an extra "*" at the start if this was real article, rather than a redirect (so each ID number may appear multiple times, but only once with a "*" before it). That is, there are 2111480 articles with the property that from any of them, it is possible to get to any other one. Similarly, using country-to-country links (e.g., Japan → China) is uninteresting and should be avoided as well. There are of course some pages that can't be gotten to from anywhere, mostly disambiguation pages. As RIAA is a redirect to Recording Industry Association of America this looks more like four steps to me. Rather than special-casing out reams of articles, I decided to pick a different metric, one that better reflects the structure of wikipedia without arbitrarily removing parts of it. Avraham 03:01, 2 April 2006 (UTC), (many obvious other chains from this e.g. It's about 3.5 GB of compressed XML and it contains all of the articles on Wikipedia, but not their full edit histories and also omits things like Talk pages or users' pages (If you want those as well, the download goes up to about 150GB). Several people were asking about what's known as the "diameter" of Wikipedia, that is, the distance between the two articles furthest apart (the longest shortest path if that makes any sense to you). Using date-to-date links (e.g., 1996 → 1993) is "uninteresting" and should be avoided. You can always update your selection by clicking Cookie Preferences at the bottom of the page. List of accidents and incidents on commercial aircraft, List of town tramway systems in North America, MediaWiki disallows these characters in page titles. The "distance" from one article to another is defined as the length of the shortest path from the start article to the end article. (the code uses many ad-hoc file formats based on tabs or newlines as separators, this is fine as MediaWiki disallows these characters in page titles). It ran for a few days on Netsoc's server, Spoon and also on the Computer Science Society (DUCSS)'s machine and a workstation. The client was modified to be able to talk to the server, and also given the ability to fork off a number of processes to compute, using only one copy of the dataset in RAM (this meant I could double speed without doubling memory usage on dual-core machines). Update: It wasn't really clear that I meant "anywhere else it is possible to go to from United Kingdom". Documentation; Blog Posts; Inspiration; Resources; Contributing; Documentation. Six Degrees of Wikipedia. If you cannot use the arrow character, you can just use the word "to". Be sure to specify the direction the chain runs in by using, for example, the right-arrow character (→), which can be found below the "edit window" when editing pages. That failed sometimes because redirects can be specified as #REDIRECT[[Article title#specific part]], so the end had to be stripped out. So, you find that the two articles furthest from each other are List of asteroids/145701-145800, linked to by List of asteroids/145601-145700, linked to by List of asteroids/145501-145600, and so on for 70 links until you get back to some vageuly normal article. This link database forms a directed graph where the nodes are articles and the edges are links from one article to another. The complete results are available here. they're used to log you in. There's a couple of different versions depending on which information you want, but the most interesting is pages-articles.xml.bz2. Perhaps more surprising for the number of possible paths: Moe is a disambiguation page, and the link has since been changed to bypass it, so the chain is now broken. Routes are accurate as of when the database dump was taken (3rd of March, 2008). The server was smart enough to handle clients with varying speed, and could recover from a client dying (it would wait a while to see if it recovered, and then just reallocated its work units to some other client). Popular versions of this game include The Wiki Game. hyperlinks on Wikipedia to find the least number of clicks it takes to navigate between any of the This made for quite a sparse graph, with each node having an average of about 25 links (out of possible millions). Also, some years are interesting articles. Six Degrees of Wikipedia is a website which traverses Throughout this project, my aim was to get the answers rather than to create an elegant platform for analysis. Wikipedia has giant "tails", almost linear linked lists of articles that stretch out for 70 links. The harder the puzzle, the more points are awarded. With a small modification, this algorithm can be used to find the average distance to every node from the start node, rather than the distance to a particular node: After the loop finishes, total_distance divided by reachable_nodes is the closeness of the node. I actually implemented this a while ago, but ran into problems with defining "boring". Choose a language. Ashvin → Antarctica does not have any paths less than 10. George W. Bush → MIT is 3 or 2. Here's an interesting graph that shows the effect the project had on Spoon's CPU temperature. Ever heard of the game Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon? We use optional third-party analytics cookies to understand how you use GitHub.com so we can build better products. Searches. There is a popular hypothesis, known as six degrees of separation, holding that any two people are separated by a chain of no more than six acquaintances. Anyway, I decided that whatever means of selection was chosen, the results would indicate more about the selection criteria than about the structure of Wikipedia itself, so for the sake of integrity I left all the "boring" articles in. Next, I built a database of the links in a more efficient binary form. nearly six million pages on the world's largest free online encyclopedia. Every couple of months, the Wikipedia folks dump their entire database and put it online for all to download. A links to B does not necessarily mean B links to A). To try it, enter two terms below, and click the button! BDB is optimised for constant updates, it's a very fast solution for data that changes often. Since I wanted to get it done before term ended (and I wanted to play with clustering), I distributed the task over many machines. Confirmed by Will & Isaac on July 26th, 2020. Six degrees may refer to: . Whenever it hits a node, it adds all of the nodes linked to by it to a queue for processing. For instance, most redirects are written as #REDIRECT[[Article Title]]. Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. Each puzzle can be voted "up" or "down" by other players, based on whether or not they like it, which results in points being given to or taken from the creator of the puzzle. Work fast with our official CLI. Finally, assigning integer ID numbers to articles instead of string titles would make the algorithms run orders of magnitude faster. See the contribution page for The worst offenders were the subpages of List of named asteroids as each is only linked from the previous one, and it takes about 70 links to get from anywhere to the last one.
Bayern 2013 2014, Maisons Deauville, Sunday Bloody Sunday Tab, Météo Bray-dunes Demain, Dont Know What To Do, Luna Film Critique, Météo Paris Aujourd'hui, Wolfsburg Féminin Classement, Vanessa Wikipédia,
