[50], Some of his early novels, called "scientific romances", invented several themes now classic in science fiction in such works as The Time Machine, The Island of Doctor Moreau, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds, When the Sleeper Wakes, and The First Men in the Moon. This ought to have been a comfortable sum of money (at the time many working class families had "round about a pound a week" as their entire household income)[22] yet in his Experiment in Autobiography, Wells speaks of constantly being hungry, and indeed photographs of him at the time show a youth who is very thin and malnourished. In 1933 Wells published a novelized version of a film script, The Shape of Things to Come. So prolific did Wells become at this mode of journalism that many of his early pieces remain unidentified. Wells came from a working class background. The sombre vision of a dying world in The Time Machine shows that, in his long-term view of humanity’s prospects, Wells felt much of the pessimism prevalent in the 1890s. Wells continued to write what some have called scientific romances, but others consider early examples of science fiction. "[53] In "Wells's Law", a science fiction story should contain only a single extraordinary assumption. For a time, he was a member of the Fabian Society, a group that sought social reform and believed that the best political system was socialism. [14][18], The years he spent in Southsea had been the most miserable of his life to that point, but his good fortune at securing a position at Midhurst Grammar School meant that Wells could continue his self-education in earnest. Amber had married the barrister G. R. Blanco White in July of that year, as co-arranged by Wells. Wells is best-remembered, however, for his famous science fiction novels and uncanny predictions about the future. He believed in the doctrine of social progress and championed sexual freedom. H.G. In his middle years Wells went through a phase of defending the concept of a "finite God," similar to the god of such process theologians as Samuel Alexander, Edgar Brightman, and Charles Hartshorne. In his book Russia in the Shadows, Wells portrayed Russia as recovering from a total social collapse, "the completest that has ever happened to any modern social organisation. Radioactive decay plays a much larger role in The World Set Free (1914). Agatha Christie was a mystery writer who was one of the world's top-selling authors with works like 'Murder on the Orient Express' and 'The Mystery of the Blue Train.'. [104], A commemorative blue plaque in his honour was installed by the Greater London Council at his home in Regent's Park in 1966. In 1901, Wells published a non-fiction book called Anticipations. [122] Science fiction author and critic Algis Budrys said Wells "remains the outstanding expositor of both the hope, and the despair, which are embodied in the technology and which are the major facts of life in our world". [96] G. K. Chesterton quipped: "Mr Wells is a born storyteller who has sold his birthright for a pot of message". [10] Novels such as Kipps and The History of Mr Polly, which describe lower-middle-class life, led to the suggestion that he was a worthy successor to Charles Dickens,[11] but Wells described a range of social strata and even attempted, in Tono-Bungay (1909), a diagnosis of English society as a whole. They do not work for me". Wells... Supreme Court, "How H. G. Wells Invented Modern War Games 100 Years Ago", "1914 Authors' Manifesto Defending Britain's Involvement in WWI, Signed by H.G. During college, he published a short story about time travel called "The Chronic Argonauts," which foreshadowed his future literary success. Wells's parents had a turbulent marriage, owing primarily to his mother's being a Protestant and his father's being a freethinker. Omissions? They lived in a rented house, 'Lynton', (now No.141) Maybury Road in the town centre for just under 18 months[33] and married at St Pancras register office in October 1895. "[92] On 23 July 1934, after visiting U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Wells went to the Soviet Union and interviewed Joseph Stalin for three hours for the New Statesman magazine, which was extremely rare at that time. During his second visit, he saw his old friend Maxim Gorky and with Gorky's help, met Vladimir Lenin. He wrote in a letter to a friend from the area that "the district made an immense impression on me." William Blake was a 19th-century writer and artist who is regarded as a seminal figure of the Romantic Age. The marriage was not a success, and in 1894 Wells ran off with Amy Catherine Robbins (died 1927), a former pupil, who in 1895 became his second wife. Wells was born Herbert George Wells on September 21, 1866, in Bromley, England. But his imagination flourished at its best not in the manner of the comparatively mechanical anticipations of Jules Verne but in the astronomical fantasies of The First Men in the Moon and The War of the Worlds, from the latter of which the image of the Martian has passed into popular mythology. His first non-fiction bestseller was Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human Life and Thought (1901). [3][4][a], During his own lifetime, however, he was most prominent as a forward-looking, even prophetic social critic who devoted his literary talents to the development of a progressive vision on a global scale. After about 1906 the pamphleteer and the novelist were in conflict in Wells, and only The History of Mr. Polly and the lighthearted Bealby (1915) can be considered primarily as fiction. The bitter quarrel he precipitated by his unsuccessful attempt to wrest control of the Fabian Society from George Bernard Shaw and Sidney and Beatrice Webb in 1906–07 is retold in his novel The New Machiavelli (1911), in which the Webbs are parodied as the Baileys. Fear of a tragic wrong turning in the development of the human race, to which he had early given imaginative expression in the grotesque animal mutations of The Island of Doctor Moreau, dominates the short novels and fables he wrote in the later 1930s. More than a decade later, Wells had the opportunity to talk with Josef Stalin and American president Franklin D. Roosevelt. He is world literature's Great Extrapolator. Wells - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [56] The Island of Doctor Moreau sees a shipwrecked man left on the island home of Doctor Moreau, a mad scientist who creates human-like hybrid beings from animals via vivisection. [47], Director Simon Wells (born 1961), the author's great-grandson, was a consultant on the future scenes in Back to the Future Part II (1989). Now where have I heard that name before? With his first novel, The Time Machine (1895), which was immediately successful, he began a series of science fiction novels that revealed him as a writer of marked originality and an immense fecundity of ideas: The Wonderful Visit (1895), The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), The Invisible Man (1897), The War of the Worlds (1898), The First Men in the Moon (1901), and The Food of the Gods (1904). [91] Wells was also one of fifty-three leading British authors — a number that included Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Hardy and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle — who signed their names to the “Authors' Declaration.” This manifesto declared that the German invasion of Belgium had been a brutal crime, and that Britain “could not without dishonour have refused to take part in the present war.”[91], Wells visited Russia three times: 1914, 1920 and 1934. [18] His experiences at Hyde's, where he worked a thirteen-hour day and slept in a dormitory with other apprentices,[13] later inspired his novels The Wheels of Chance, The History of Mr Polly, and Kipps, which portray the life of a draper's apprentice as well as providing a critique of society's distribution of wealth.[19]. [103] Wells' body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium on 16 August 1946; his ashes were subsequently scattered into the English Channel at Old Harry Rocks near Swanage in Dorset. The letters contain general family correspondence, communications from publishers, material regarding the Fabian Society, and letters from politicians and public figures, most notably George Bernard Shaw and Joseph Conrad.[161]. The writer suggested that the great outline of the theological struggles of that phase of civilisation and world unity which produced Christianity, was a persistent but unsuccessful attempt to get these two different ideas of God into one focus. Cowley, Malcolm. [14] Payment for skilled bowlers and batsmen came from voluntary donations afterwards, or from small payments from the clubs where matches were played. (2000) Macfarlane Walter & Ross, Toronto. Wells also devoted much of his time to becoming a writer. This depicted, all too accurately, the impending World War, with cities being destroyed by aerial bombs. [14] The following year, Wells won a scholarship to the Normal School of Science (later the Royal College of Science in South Kensington, now part of Imperial College London) in London, studying biology under Thomas Henry Huxley. His involvement with Amber Reeves resulted in the birth of their daughter Anna-Jane in 1909. Charles Dickens was a British author who penned beloved classics such as ‘Hard Times,' 'A Christmas Carol,' 'David Copperfield' and 'Great Expectations. J.R.R. There they are, and they have served a purpose, they have worked. Behind his inventiveness lay a passionate concern for man and society, which increasingly broke into the fantasy of his science fiction, often diverting it into satire and sometimes, as in The Food of the Gods, destroying its credibility. He was also among the founders of The Science School Journal, a school magazine that allowed him to express his views on literature and society, as well as trying his hand at fiction; a precursor to his novel The Time Machine was published in the journal under the title The Chronic Argonauts. They were afraid that he might die young, as his older sister had. [119] In The Fate of Homo Sapiens (1939), Wells criticised almost all world religions and philosophies, stating "there is no creed, no way of living left in the world at all, that really meets the needs of the time… When we come to look at them coolly and dispassionately, all the main religions, patriotic, moral and customary systems in which human beings are sheltering today, appear to be in a state of jostling and mutually destructive movement, like the houses and palaces and other buildings of some vast, sprawling city overtaken by a landslide. After Word War I, however, Wells became more pessimistic about human progress, as reflected in the bitter tone of his later books. in Against the New Gods and Other Essays on Writers of Imaginative Fiction Wildside Press LLC, 2009. Tolkien is an internationally renowned fantasy writer. [85], During August 1914, immediately after the outbreak of the First World War, Wells published a number of articles in London newspapers that subsequently appeared as a book entitled The War That Will End War. [26][27] His first published work was a Text-Book of Biology in two volumes (1893). Wells was also an important influence on British science fiction of the period after the Second World War, with Arthur C. Clarke[129] and Brian Aldiss[130] expressing strong admiration for Wells's work. [63] However, it was very popular amongst the general population and made Wells a rich man. • The superhuman protagonist of J. D. Beresford's 1911 novel, The Hampdenshire Wonder, Victor Stott, was based on Wells. It burned its way into the psyche of mankind and changed us all forever. His writings have influenced countless writers and artists through the ages. H.G. Wells had affairs with a significant number of women. Wells did not automatically receive the byline his reputation demanded until after 1896 or so ... As a result, many of his early pieces are unknown. [93] However, he also criticised the lawlessness, class discrimination, state violence, and absence of free expression. When originally serialised in a magazine it was subtitled "An Experiment in Prophecy", and is considered his most explicitly futuristic work. ", An internationally famous intellectual and author, Wells traveled widely. In 1889–90, he managed to find a post as a teacher at Henley House School in London, where he taught A. Men Like Gods (1923) is also a utopian novel. During the interview, by Charles C Shaw, a KTSA radio host, Wells admitted his surprise at the widespread panic that resulted from the broadcast but acknowledged his debt to Welles for increasing sales of one of his "more obscure" titles. It was not until 1890 that Wells earned a Bachelor of Science degree in zoology from the University of London External Programme. "Wells the Visionary" in, George Hay, "Shiel Versus the Renegade Romantic", in, Paul Levinson, "Ian, George, and George,", Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human Life and Thought, The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, "The History of Science Fiction", page 48, "HG Wells: A visionary who should be remembered for his social predictions, not just his scientific ones", "How Hollywood fell for a British visionary", "H G Wells - Author, Historian, Teacher with Type 2 Diabetes", "Teaching spell near Wrexham inspired one of the nation's greatest science fiction writers", "They Did What? "Professor Irwin and the Deeks Affair". The Invisible Man to whom the title refers is Griffin , a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and who invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light. The Invisible Man is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells. The War of the Worlds, a novel about an alien invasion, later caused a panic when an adaptation of the tale was broadcast on American radio. He also wrote many short stories, which were collected in The Stolen Bacillus (1895), The Plattner Story (1897), and Tales of Space and Time (1899). Wells was a versatile author. B. McKillop, a professor of history at Carleton University, produced a book on the case, The Spinster & The Prophet: Florence Deeks, H. G. Wells, and the Mystery of the Purloined Past. However, Uppark had a magnificent library in which he immersed himself, reading many classic works, including Plato's Republic, Thomas More's Utopia, and the works of Daniel Defoe. [44][45], In Experiment in Autobiography (1934), Wells wrote: "I was never a great amorist, though I have loved several people very deeply". Television episode "World's End" of Cold Case (2007) is about the discovery of human remains in the bottom of a well leads to the reinvestigation of the case of a housewife who went missing during Orson Welles' radio broadcast of "War of the Worlds". Turning to teaching, Wells soon found a way to continue his own studies. Il fut cependant également l'auteur de nombreux romans de satire sociale, d'œuvres de prospective, de réflexions politiques et sociales ainsi que d'ouvrages de vulgarisation touchant aussi bie… Wells's parents were often worried about his poor health. After Beatrice Webb voiced disapproval of Wells' "sordid intrigue" with Amber, he responded by lampooning Beatrice Webb and her husband Sidney Webb in his 1911 novel The New Machiavelli as 'Altiora and Oscar Bailey', a pair of short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators. Herbert George Wells was born at Atlas House, 162 High Street in Bromley, Kent,[13] on 21 September 1866. On Halloween night of 1938, Orson Welles went on the air with his version of The War of the Worlds, claiming that aliens had landed in New Jersey. A free thinker about sex and sexuality, Wells did not let marriage stop him from having other relationships. An enthusiast of random and irresponsible violence, Griffin has become an iconic character in horror fiction. [42] When visiting Maxim Gorky in Russia 1920, he had slept with Gorky's mistress Moura Budberg,[43] then still Countess Benckendorf and 27 years his junior. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [83] Wells, as president of PEN International (Poets, Essayists, Novelists), angered the Nazis by overseeing the expulsion of the German PEN club from the international body in 1934 following the German PEN's refusal to admit non-Aryan writers to its membership. Wells (September 21, 1866-August 13, 1946), was a prolific English author of fiction and non-fiction. "[138], Jorge Luis Borges wrote many short pieces on Wells in which he demonstrates a deep familiarity with much of Wells's work. The accident effectively put an end to Joseph's career as a cricketer, and his subsequent earnings as a shopkeeper were not enough to compensate for the loss of the primary source of family income.
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