This is why it is good to be cautious and slow while in love. Zodiac signs, based on one's birthdate, supposedly played a large part in how your life was planned by the higher powers. Louis Pasteur In medicine it represent the four humours: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic; in physics the four elements: fire, earth, air and water; in agriculture: planting, nurturing, harvesting, and preserving. He doesnt use it to tell fortunes Here are a few of my favourites astronomy related Shakespeare quotes: ASTRONOMY "Not from the stars do I my judgement pluck, And yet methinks I have astronomy. No matter where your greatness comes from, it takes mental strength, emotional stability, and an air of acceptance to manage it gracefully. It is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in ourselves. Country: (The eighth, Uranus, wouldnt be discovered until the 18th century.). (No arbitrary either-or was our pun-loving Poet, but an and-and sort of fellow.). Overview; Timeline 1533-1564; Timeline 1564-1603; Timeline 1603-1625; Contemporary Reviews. Many of Shakespeare's quotes have remained with us today and are now commonly used sayings. "Conscience does make cowards of us all." -William Shakespeare, Act III, Scene I "Doubt that the sun doth move, doubt truth to be a liar, but never doubt I love."-William Shakespeare, Act II, Scene II "Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice."-William Shakespeare, Act I, Scene III And in 'Romeo and Juliet' everyone up ends up dying. "He who is fixed to a star does not change his mind." - Leonardo Da Vinci. By oft predict that I in heaven find; . To get there it was necessary to be in an exalted state of some kind, for Oxford I believe it was intense emotion, for plays like Romeo and Juliet and Antony and Cleopatra it was passion, for plays like Timon and Richard III it was fury. With his tutor so steeped in astrology, it would be absurd to think that Smith never did his students chart. You might have been born into a family with a huge legacy to carry on, you may experience incredible success in your career, or you may be given responsibilities of greatness out of the blue. Dedicated to helping others find joy, inspiration and motivation through quotes, books, love and the power of the written word. 125 Best Shakespeare Quotes 1. William Shakespeare I have used astrology to send positive messages: 'You can do it, even if you fall, get back up again.' Walter Mercado Astrology enables us to feel a connection to this lifetime as if our existence holds actual weight as thanks to our origination amidst the starry skies. The moonknown for its influence on emotions and self-imagewas said to govern Elizabeth, who wept throughout the play Richard III. Astrology quotes It is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in ourselves. Believer in mindfulness, healing through kindness and the power of self-love. Or predict crop failures or the weather. Tut, I should have been that I am, had the maidenliest star in the firmament twinkled on my bastardizing. 365-day money back guarantee, so no risk on your end. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. My father believed in astrology. He moved across the river to Southwark by 1599, the year his company constructed the Globe Theatre . Shakespeare Timeline. 7. The date also marks the adoption of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1973. . To weep is to make less the depth of grief. . Fivio Foreign I believe in astrology and the spirits. One of the central tenets of the Wisdom Tradition is the importance of harmony or balance. 6. . A special method to foretelling the future, integrating astrology as well as birth tarot analysis. So as usual, Shakespeares only telling us what he doesnt do and cant do, not what he believes. In her discussion of music in Shakespeare, Caroline Spurgeon points out the Platonic idea of social harmony as related to music (74-6), something that Sir ThomasElyot notes when he urges that a tutor train the noble child to some degree in music. Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none. William Shakespeare. Act 5, scene 3 Quotes "Howl, howl, howl! "Astrology had an important role in the ancient world. In any case, someone would certainly have done Edwards chart shortly after his birth, that being one of the first things a peer did following the birth of an heir. He was a respected mathematician and astronomer as well as a leading expert in navigation, as well as being an early channeler of some of the more remote angels. . All you want to know about Shakespeare And Astrology Quotes at our website. When thou cam'st first, Thou strok'st me and made much of me; wouldst give me Water with berries in't; and teach me how To name the bigger light, and how the less, That burn by day and night; and then I loved thee And showed thee all the qualities o' th' isle, The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place and fertile. But thats not how Shakespeare sounds to professional astrologers, who hear in him, not just the occasional obvious reference to planets, stars, or signs, but what might be called a pervasive and underlying world view that, if not derived from astrology, was then (and still is) central to a greater paradigm. Those who knew more about it it knew that these were only bits of a complex system based primarily on numbers. Quotations & Citations: Men should take their knowledge from the Sun, the Moon and the Stars. Ignorance is having a lack of knowledge or information. Follow AzQuotes on Facebook, Twitter and Google+. Leo in Modern Astrology 8/1896 gives April 26, 1564 as NS with 1:39 PM. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Most telling is Fortunes glyph, a naked woman running along the top of a spoked wheel that looks a lot like the wheel of a horoscope. Ray Winstone Copy. "If Jupiter was in the ascendant when you were born, you are of a jovial disposition; and if you're not jovial but miserable and saturnine that's a disaster, because a disaster is a dis-astro, or misplaced planet. You can't understand many things unless you know something about astrologythe plays of Shakespeare and so on." -Steven Pinker "Men should take their knowledge from the sun, the moon, and the stars." -Ralph Waldo Emerson Being three hours early might be a bit much, but being early in general gives you a chance to experience things to the fullest, as well as being more prepared. Much however was forced underground by the enmity of the Church and so passed in secrecy from one individual to another through an underground network of elite thinkers sometimes termed The Illuminati. And yet methinks I have astronomy, The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool. Following these three things will help you live a more peaceful life. Therefore, the rift betw. An article on chartplanet.com reports: In all of Shakespeares 37 plays there are more than a hundred allusions to astrology, and many of his characters actions are said to be favored or hindered by the stars. When it rains it pours. My lord, they say five moons were seen to-night-- Four fixed, and the fifth did whirl about The other four in wondrous motion. "Take their life" is a pun: it means . These signs forerun the death or fall of kings. Anything your heart desires will come to you.". Astrology presupposes that the heavenly bodies are regulated in their movements in harmony with the destiny of mortals: the moral man presupposes that that which concerns himself most nearly must also be the heart and soul of things. Several of Shakespeares characters were governed by particular stars, as Posthumous was born under the benevolent planet Jupiter, and thus had a favorable destiny at the end of the play. Let the . Rich men look sad, and ruffians dance and leap; But not to tell of good or evil luck, Of plagues, of dearths, or season's quality; Nor can I fortune to brief minutes tell Or say with princes if it shall go well. An Upstart Crow; Palladis Tamia; Excellencie of the English Tongue; To the memory of my beloved, De Shakespeare Nostrat Augustus in Hat; An Epitaph on the Admirable . The other to enjoy by rage and war. So without further ado, here are the best William Shakespeare quotes on love (and a couple of lusty lines, too): 1. Although this quotation has often been used as evidence that Shakespeare was against astrology, it is actually a diatribe against the tendency of humans to blame their faults upon their. The woods were the haunts of fairies. Your email address will not be published. Astrology is just a finger pointing at reality. Although history prefers to hide the fact, most medieval and Renaissance astronomers were really astrologers who, however interested they might have been in why and how their science worked, earned their livings through horoscope readings for kings and magnates using techniques expounded by Ptolemy back in the second century. If you find your vessel empty, then make sure to fill it. Thats not how history sees Sir Thomas Smith, but Smith was in fact enough of an astrologer to be able to cast horoscopes, a task requiring a considerable grasp of both math and celestial dynamics. Our doubts are traitors, and make us lose the good we oft might win, by fearing to attempt. William Shakespeare. The works of Shakespeare carry the wisdom teaching, often and appropriately under a veil or shadow. Shakespeare is the happy hunting ground of all minds that have lost their balance. 2023 Bright Drops. "We need not feel ashamed of flirting with the zodiac. Scholars have puzzled over the apparent fact that Shakespeare, who knew so much about other aspects of science (he seemed to know about the circulation of the blood long before Harvey) adhered to the old nutshell view, showing no awareness of Copernicus. But not to tell of good or evil luck, Of plagues, of dearths, or season's quality; Nor can I fortune to brief minutes tell, Or say with princes if it shall go well." (Sonnet 14) From Astro-Databank. - Dane Rudhyar. "Two men looked through prison bars, The one saw mud, the other stars." - Amy Carmichael. These examples and many other astrological passages scattered throughout his dramatic works show that Shakespeare was at least interested in astrology and used the art abundantly in the creation of some of his most striking passages. (Read this next: 21 Deep Quotes on Positive Thinking). A marvellous summary of Edward de Veres interest and use of astrology. Elizabeth Davis but by what he reads in the Youths eyes, he can prognosticate the death of truth and beauty if the lad doesnt hurry up and get married and procreateyadda yadda yadda. (3 May 1564 greg.) This issue becomes multi-dimensional when Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet meet, and subsequently fall in love. Passage of an important planet through this point in a natal chart was supposed to mean good luck for anything tried at that time. Also Read: 35 Spiritual Awakening Quotes on Society, Life, and Happiness. (Today, rendered irrelevant by the apparent success of modern science and technology, they languish in paperback in the New Age sections of the mega-bookstores). You are given your own body to inhabit but you might be living and pretending to be someone you are not. And meteors fright the fixd stars of heaven. The greatest dramas in the world are all about sex, violence and death. Apparently this has slipped our Poets memory, for he skips the Sun (a little problem with identity here?) There is no fellow in the firmament. 36. All quotes Art Astronomy Eyes Giving Heart Heaven Love more. It is no surprise that Shakespeare's remains were a target. (sha-ast-spaeth-q6600EN#01) * * * (Marcus:) If I do dream, would all my welth would wake me ! By the time he was in his late teens and twenties, Oxford would certainly have known his own horoscope and what it predicted. Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play, Alone, in company, still my care hath been. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was Englands greatest author and amongst his voluminous works are numerous references to astronomical, as well as astrological bodies, such as stars, planets, the moon or meteors. Smith wrote to friends with so much interest that we can guess there were many more such letters, uncatalogued or no longer extant. Unfortunately it can also dash us to destruction, as it did Brutus. Brutus of course is wrong; the tide is against him; perhaps he was getting bad advice or was himself a flawed reader of horoscopes. Heaven's Child is a good place to find info about Shakespeare Astrology Quotes. I don't believe in astrology; I'm a Sagittarius and we're skeptical. One such friend was probably Leonard Digges, the mathematician-astronomer whose son rose to prominence after publishing his fathers work (and whose grandson would write a dedicatory poem to Shakespeare in the First Folio). A few quotes stand out, whether for their wit, the poetic elegance with which they ponder love, or their heartbreakingly accurate depiction of anguish. Friedrich Nietzsche 0 Copy Astrology is like gravity. You have two ears so listen twice as much as you speak. Despite the discovery of the heliocentric universe and its threat to the geocentric astrological system, many of the scientists who succeeded Copernicus strengthened the appeal of astrology including Johannes Kepler, another contemporary of Shakespeare. He doesnt know it well enough to connect It is what makes those works sublime. In Shakespeare's time ignorance and superstition held relentless sway over the popular mind. This above all: to thine own self be true. William Shakespeare. ~William Shakespeare . Suspicion always haunts the guilty mind. William Shakespeare. Of the few direct references to astrological beliefs, the one he repeats throughout is: the fault is not in our stars but in ourselves. This suggests that the author knew his own horoscope, and didnt want to feel bound by what it predicted. When you are stuck in misery the best medicine is to keep hold of some kind of hope. The Shakespeare that Shakespeare became is the name that's attached to these astonishing objects that he left behind. Doubt truth to be a liar; Astrology is therefore taken seriously, even though Shakespeare seeks to enlarge its meaning. Astrology can clear up or mix up a person as much as any other psychological, philosophical or religious mirror, a looking glass in the endless mirror hall of life. Some may think that loving yourself is selfish and sinful, but is it not more sinful to neglect the beautiful body that you were given? 8. - William Shakespeare, - "Titus Andronicus", Act II, Scene 3. lines no.29-39. The miserable have no other medicine, but only hope. William Shakespeare. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet, are of imagination all compact. William Shakespeare. Youre most welcome. He admitted to Cecil in a letter from France that during those years when he was out of work he had passed his time with hunting, hawking, and now and then looking on a book (78). "Give me some music; music, moody food. I would give all my fame for a pot of ale, and safety. William Shakespeare. I know of no letters between Smith and Digges, but since the wives of both men were first cousins, with the Diggeses near Canterbury in Kent, a two-day trip to Ankerwycke (part of it possibly by barge on the Thames), that there was commerce between them during the five years of Queen Marys reign while both were living in judicious retirement, seems most likely. The earth has music for those who listen. Copy quotes for your essay. "False face must hide what the false heart doth know." -William Shakespeare. Your email address will not be published. According to astrology: life from birth to age seven is ruled by the Moon, planet of instinct, emotion, and nurturing (the infant, mewling and puking in his nurses arms); from seven to 14 by Mercury, planet of learning by imitation and absorption (the whining schoolboy creeping like snail to school); and from 14 to 21 by Venus, planet of beauty and desire (the lover, sighing like a furnace). William Shakespeare. asks the Duke (King James?) I really go off of energy. Twinkle Khanna I believe in astrology. A gentleman of noble parentage, Of fair demesnes, youthful, and nobly ligned, Stuffed, as they say, with honorable parts, Proportioned as one's thought would wish a man. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) lived during the Elizabethan era, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. On a closer, faster level it shows as the four peaks of the day: dawn, noon, evening, and midnight. Although the Reformation as a religion had no love for Copernicus or his theories, it had even less love for the idea that Rome was the center of the universe, so while ideologues condemned the great scientist as a heretic, those who understood its truth were relieved that at last someone had dared to publish it. H. Lawrence 6. Neptunes role in the astrological pantheon is to cause us to question where the physical world ends and a more transcendent reality begins. The robbed that smiles, steals something from the thief. "The very substance of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream . Be wary if you know someone who is overly suspicious. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them." 2. Effective perks offered- you actually require to take a look! Worry not, this too shall pass. There's no one better. Our good man Shakespeare seems to indicate that he knows just how much the stars and planets affect us here on Earth. is made of an order of estates and degrees, and, by reason thereof, containeth in it a perfect harmony: which he shall afterward more perfectly understand when he shall happen to read the books of Plato and Aristotle of public weals, wherein be written divers examples of music and geometry. Perchance to dream: - ay, there's the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause: there's the respect That makes calamity of so long life;" He also understood Plato and his followers and those mysteries of love expounded by the Neoplatonists. "Keep your eyes on the stars, and your feet on the ground.". Last Fridays poetry blog was from one of Shakespeares sonnets, but this is just one of a myriad of references to astrology Shakespeare used throughout his works. Shakespeare didnt like the idea that the stars dictated a persons fate. He doesnt use astrology to make decisions. All the great religions begin as an outgrowth of it, though all too soon, as they acquire political power, they begin denying some of the basic tenets, those that give power to everyone, not just priests. "Love sought is good, but given unsought is better." Twelfth Night. Noel Coward The controls of life are structured as forms and nuclear arrangements, in a relation with the motions of the universe. Then from 65 to 75 or so, Jupiter, planet of benefactors and wisdom, takes over (the justice, with fair round belly, full of wise saws); and from 75 or so to Saturn, planet of limits, rules, and penalties. Better three hours too soon than a minute too late. William Shakespeare. 02 of 10 'All's Well That Ends Well,' 1:2 "Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none." William Shakespeare Broken Heart, Breakup, Grief 1592 Richard. One who was truly an initiate of the mysteries of Greek philosophy and mythology and of the Platonist teachings would be required to remain anonymous, or to use a pseudonym. At first sight the Shakespeare quotations are simple metaphors: 'one particular bright star', 'cut him out in little stars', 'you chaste stars', 'Two stars keep not their motion in one sphere' or they are astrological references: 'it is the stars, the stars above us', 'there was a star danced', and 'the yoke of the inauspicious stars'. I just wonder if it may nonetheless interest you: http://ayurastro.com/astrology/?p=495 I will continue to check in on your blog. (King Lear, Act 1, Scene 2), The bay-trees in our country are all withered, But if he was Shakespeare, then he had an audience to please whowith Copernicus threatening to hurl their comfy little world view into deep spacewere clinging to the old worldview with all their emotional might. If you run a Google search for Can astrology predict the future, the very first article is from a well-known astrology site titled Predicting the future with astrology. The hunger to know the future is not, [], Neptune just slipped back into Pisces where it will remain until 2025. As Jesus put it, He that hath ears to hear, let him hear., Thank you for this article. For instance: The number Four, representing matter and the material world (as opposed to energy or force), is reflected on the levels of Time in the four great divisions of the year: the two solstices plus two equinoxes, or: spring, summer, fall, and winter. That Smith and Dee knew each other is also a certainty, since both were located at Cambridge University in the early 1540s, and both were among the small handful in England at that time deeply versed in these arcane subjects. And teach me how To name the bigger light, and how the less, That burn by day and night. "When you wish upon a star, makes no difference who you are. These are terms known only to professionals. Our goal is to help you by delivering amazing quotes to bring inspiration, personal growth, love and happiness to your everyday life. In Shakespeare's day as in ours, some people believed that the course of your life was determined by the motion and position of the stars. His astrologer had predicted that his daughter would become a writer someday. The Importance of Offering Excellence in Customer Service. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); OXFORDS LIFE IN A NUTSHELL: Birth to Forty, Works cited from my upcoming book Shakespeare and the PublicStage. "A sky as pure as water bathed the stars and brought them out.". It occurs in Romeo and Juliet where both Romeo and Juliet commit suicide, in Julius Caesar where both Cassius and Brutus die by consensual stabbing, as well as Brutus' wife Portia. One person can think that burping after a meal is rude, but in other cultures around the world, it is a sign of respect to the cook. Have you ever noticed that some of the loudest and most obnoxious people seem to be the unhappiest? You might have enough doubt that you will not even attempt to do something, but then you risk missing out on the good that could come from it. In the old horoscopes there is usually a symbol that represents something called the Part of Fortune, one of several non-planetary points that ancient astrologers arrived at through geometry. Shakespeare was adept at creating cosmic imagery in his writing, and the symbolic associations of astrology and alchemy with his plays' contents helped to broaden some of his themes. But not to tell of good or evil luck, Of plagues, of dearths, or season's quality; Nor can I fortune to brief minutes tell, Or say with princes if it shall go well." Hereare someother blog you may also enjoy: Oh My Stars! Though Shakespeare is known throughout the world, people often underestimate just how much of an impact this great writer had on life today. . In Science: 1) hypothesis, 2) experimentation, 3) results, and 4) publication. Of the few direct references to astrological beliefs, the one he repeats throughout is: "the fault is not in our stars but in ourselves.". That Smiths interests conform so closely with those of Shakespeare is one of the major reasons for believing that his student of eight years, the Earl of Oxford, must be Shakespeare. - William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar. But not to tell of good or evil luck, Pros: Fortune usually offers the reading rather rapidly because it is through online network. I do think it unlikely that astrology had anything directly to do with the writing of Hamlet, but Shakespeare may have had inspiration from sources he was not conscious of. Each Shakespeares play name links to a range of resources about each play: Character summaries, plot outlines, example essays and famous quotes, soliloquies and monologues: Alls Well That Ends Well Antony and Cleopatra As You Like It The Comedy of Errors Coriolanus Cymbeline Hamlet Henry IV Part 1 Henry IV Part 2 Henry VIII Henry VI Part 1 Henry VI Part 2 Henry VI Part 3 Henry V Julius Caesar King John King Lear Loves Labours Lost Macbeth Measure for Measure The Merchant of Venice The Merry Wives of Windsor A Midsummer Nights Dream Much Ado About Nothing Othello Pericles Richard II Richard III Romeo & Juliet The Taming of the Shrew The Tempest Timon of Athens Titus Andronicus Troilus & Cressida Twelfth Night The Two Gentlemen of Verona The Winters Tale. If you are not knowledgeable about something then refrain from debating or speaking up about it until you can form an educated opinion. If you understand this language, the sky speaks to you. Read through these Shakespeare quotes and find ones that speak loudly to your heart and soul. . Thank you for visiting Astrological Musings. Shakespeare was undoubtedly influenced by the works of John Dee, Copernicus and Kepler, and his works reported faithfully on cultural trends and conflicts that resonate to this very day. Best wishes to you. William Shakespeare I don't believe in astrology. I'm interested in astrology and astronomy. "Astrology reveals the will of the gods. The celestial bodies are the cause of all that takes place in the sublunar world. William Shakespeare 1 Likes Sponsored Links Wish on everything. Some quotes listed here have not only threaded their way into modern vernacular, his plays and other writings . It is the stars, The stars above us, govern our conditions. William Shakespeare. For instance, leaving an abusive relationship is the right thing to do for yourself, but you might need to lie and be sneaky to get yourself out. Let them come not from worry, but from glee and giggles! Great Quotes About Astrology. 37. Astrology with all its sub-branches represents the effects of celestial forces on the lives of humans, on their health, weather, crops, marriages, voyages, projects, treaties, battles, in fact, just about everything under the Sun. What did the Elizabethans mean by astrology? And lean-looked prophets whisper fearful change. A man does not have a world view that he cant or wont share with his student, particularly someone like Smith, who was not known for keeping his thoughts and opinions to himself, particularly a world view that as all the ancient pedagogues proclaimed, led to wisdom and the very traits most desired in a nobleman. Shakespeare used a lot of words that have particular meanings in astrology, like aspect, conjunction, constellation, eclipse, mean, meridian, mundane, orb, retrograde and zenith. "To do a great right, do a little wrong." -William Shakespeare. (LogOut/ Fortune personified as a fickle female is certainly not unique to Shakespeare, but he also shows his awareness of Fortune as an astrological concept . Well, its true that you cant change your destiny, but still it helps knowing about gravity. . Music was another facet of the Wisdom Tradition, closely allied to the basic numbers through its scales and intervals, the harmonious third, fifth, sixth and octave, the empty fourth and the dissonent second and seventh. "We know what we are, but know not what. In the latter part of his career poets like John Donne were using the language of science, including medical imagery, to make beautiful poetry, and Shakespeare was no exception to that trend. 'It is as easy to count atomies as to resolve the propositions of a lover' As You Like It 2. Music is beyond the words on the paper. 'And teach me how To name the bigger light, and how the less, That burn by day and night' The Tempest 4. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Whats your favorite Shakespeare quote about death, and why? The heavens do not dictate your destiny, but rather, you do. (Shakespeare, King Lear, I, ii, 115-129.). They might ramble on about strange topics. The play's opening lines tell us that Romeo and Juliet will die, and that their tragic end is fated. If I do wake, some planet strike Raise your children to be grateful for the things they have and the people in their lives. Cassius: "The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves, that we are underlings." Cassius, a nobleman, is speaking with his friend, Brutus, and trying to persuade him that, in the . 7. Sometimes what you think is good or bad for you might not actually be. After a rather long list of these ill effects, his wicked son responds: This is the excellent foppery of the world, that, when we are sick in fortuneoften the surfeit of our own behaviorwe make guilty of our disasters the sun, the moon, and the stars, as if we were villains by necessity; fools by heavenly compulsion; knaves, thieves, and treachers by spherical predominance; drunkards, liars, and adulterers by an enforced obedience of planetary influence; and all that we are evil in, by a divine thrusting on, an admirable evasion of whore-master man, to lay his goatish disposition to the charge of a star! Living transparently and honestly is one of the most rewarding things you can teach others by example. Most of whats been written about Shakespeares use of astrology is so simplistic that its irrelevant, probably because its been written by persons who dont know enough about astrology to know it when they see it. Those that are guilty of wrong doing often project their suspicions onto others. Every day we present the best quotes! And yet methinks I have astronomy. Shakespeare occupies a position unique in world . He treats of astrology in Sonnet 14, and although he simply uses it as a conceit, a clever way of complimenting the Fair Youth whose youth and beauty was ever the same, he uses it to reveal his superior understanding.
Terry Melcher Funeral,
Hawkins Texas Murders 1986,
The Combining Form That Means Hard:,
Nyp Nurse Residency Program,
Articles S