This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. Each state has the same level of self-governance. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Asst. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. It also decided that the Public . The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. 4 Topics . You can download the paper by clicking the button above. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. >> Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. /Subtype /Image As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. All rights reserved. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. Excellent, thanks a lot f What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. The states were later increased to 30 states. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. You are welcome dear reader. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. stream ff>qsfN? /Resources << Required fields are marked *. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Nigeria. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Federalism in India. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. 4 0 obj Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. /Height 235 This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. << The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. I love this article,very educating and interesting Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Moreover, In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). (Tanzi, 1996). five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. << The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. /Contents 4 0 R >> In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. ! For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Your email address will not be published. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. /Font << /F7 24 0 R More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system.
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